“Do I need a NIE or a TIE?” is the most common question asked at Spanish immigration offices. In 2026, the distinction remains critical for everyone from Digital Nomads to retirees. One is a number; the other is a card. Getting them confused can stall your housing contract, your bank account, and your legal residency.
Table of contents
- What is a NIE?
- What is a TIE?
- The Key Differences Table
- Who needs which?
- The 2026 Application Process
- FAQs
What is a NIE?
The NIE (Número de Identidad de Extranjero) is simply a tax identification number. It is assigned to you for life.
- It does not grant residency.
- It is required to buy a car, open a bank account, pay taxes, or buy property.
- It appears on a white piece of A4 paper.
What is a TIE?
The TIE (Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero) is the physical plastic card that proves you are a legal resident.
- It contains your photo, fingerprint, and NIE number.
- It proves your right to live and (if applicable) work in Spain.
- It has an expiration date and must be renewed.
The Key Differences Table
| Feature | NIE (White Paper) | TIE (Plastic Card) |
|---|---|---|
| What is it? | A Number | A Residency Card |
| Function | Tax identification | Proof of legal stay |
| Residency? | No | Yes |
| Photo? | No | Yes |
| Expires? | The number never expires | Yes, must be renewed |
Who needs which?
- Non-Residents: If you are just buying a house but not living here, you only need a NIE.
- EU Citizens: You receive a green “Certificado de Registro,” which contains your NIE. You generally do not get a TIE.
- Non-EU Citizens: You need both. You usually get the NIE first (or during your visa process) and then must apply for the TIE card within 30 days of arriving in Spain.
The 2026 Application Process
In 2026, most provinces require a Cita Previa (appointment) booked online.
- The Form: Fill out Form EX-15 (for NIE) or EX-17 (for TIE).
- The Fee: Pay the relevant tax (Modelo 790-012).
- The Appointment: Visit the Policía Nacional or Extranjería office with your passport, photos, and proof of why you need the document.
FAQs
Can I open a bank account with just a NIE? Yes, most banks will open a “Non-Resident Account” with just the NIE paper. To switch to a resident account, you will need the TIE.
Is my NIE the same as my Social Security number? No. They are two different systems, though your Social Security record will be linked to your NIE.
This guide provides the framework for your legal identity in Spain. For tailored help with your application, contact our team.
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